PHYSICS: i.e. Deriving particle masses, the four forces in terms of gravity, relativity/quantum bridge, cosmology, gravity, particles as sinks, astrophysics, quantum gravity, unified theory outline.

GENERAL BLOG POSTS: i.e. How do you raise an artificial child? Science & religion in harmony.  Einstein: My beliefs.  The complex domain might be real.  Dark science.  Seeing the light.  An autism prison.  Shell of misunderstanding.  

WELCOME.  The following is the principal technical theme of this site, and is actually a copy of the Introduction of the formal paper "Particles from Gravity." This paper is in the blog section, and can also be accessed from the bottom of this home page.  There are many other posts in the blog section, that can be accessed with the "blog" button in the upper right of this screen.  Clicking on the "linkedin," "facebook" and "twitter" symbols in the header will lead directly to my other sites.  Thanks for visiting.  

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INTRODUCTION
Given the multifaceted nature of linking quanta and gravitation, it is possibly best to  begin with an unexplained observation to bring some focus.  The axes of quasars are aligned with the fine webwork of the large-scale structure of the Universe [1] [Figure 1, see below].  To reach the scale of this figure requires stepping from the galaxy, to clusters of galaxies, to galactic superclusters (gray ring, millions of light years thick), then finally to a basic repeatable "cell," the center of which is the large-scale void of dark energy, about a billion light years across,  driver of the accelerated Hubble expansion.  These cells were better described as clashings of "soap bubbles" competing for dominance, in that the basically spherical voids can be thousands of times the thickness of the walls, and this analog provides a sense of proportion, variety and dynamism [2]. The expansion begins at the supercluster level, so that the gray wall is being stretched or constituants are undergoing mutual repulsion, as the wall is simultaneously increasing in length and thickening, as permitted by surrounding cells in three dimensions.   
        At this scale there is no viable means of aligning individual quasars with one another, nor  with the overall large-scale pattern.  Conventional gravitation is not helpful here, rather the cosmological constant predominates, which is not native to the formal mathematics of general relativity; classical Newtonian gravity, nor variants that differ from 1/r2 are also not appropriate.  Some other effect dominates, conventionally referred to as the unknown "dark energy," in that repulsion is the principal effect both along and across the perimeter, and radially from the void center.  
         However, there are common elements in these  alignments -- the circumferences of adjacent large-scale voids, the tangents of which are parallel to the quasar axes.  Alternatively, the repulsive radial dark energy fields of these voids are common as well with these alignments; the quasar axes are normal to the radial accelerated expanding field of the void, indicated by typical directed field lines at specific quasars in this figure.
        Negative mass has been discussed to account for such repulsion [3].  But this is problematical in that two types of mass must be thoroughly accounted for; there is no experience at hand where such a negative mass repels a common particle of positive mass.  However, if it can be shown that all mass/energy is  fundamentally repulsive and only conditionally attractive, such that current evidence is not contradicted, then such mass is mathematically equivalent in classical Newtonian gravity (two negative masses) to two positive masses and should be mutually attracted when sufficiently close initially; only masses with opposite signs here should be mutually repulsive.  

(SEE BELOW FOR ILLUSTRATION) 
Figure 1.  Large-scale structure of the 
Universe, 2-D schematic emphasizing 
a primary repeatable structural "cell,"
and quasar axes alignments with cell
wall consisting of galactic 
superclusters; vectors normal to
individual quasar axes represent 
the accelerated dark energy field.  

      Unifying physics has meant bridging two great pillars, quantum and relativity theories, the small and large scale. More recently attention is given to minute vibrating entities in string or loop form, quantum gravity.  

       Quantum and relativity theories work quite well in their own domains, but they seem too different to be compatible.  An approach is to begin with the quantum format, which has a passive background; then try to fit gravitation to it. Great theoretical strides have been made, but experimental confirmation is difficult. The present approach reverses this procedure, and begins with relativity and spacetime -- gravitation -- which has an active background; then derives quanta. Then both small and large scales can be treated in the more general background, or, at least, where the backgrounds merge.  Hopefully, the present offering will provide clues to facilitate a fully satisfactory unified theory. The present piece is little more than an outline, under restricted conditions, and concentrates on the fringes of quantum and relativity theories, v→0 and v→c, in an effort to help bridge the two theories, or provide clues for dedicated quantum gravity work.    

    In Part 1 Newtonian gravitation -- the v→0 aspect -- is more naturally and effectively seated in accelerated expanding space, while fundamentally maintaining the classic 1/r2 relation, indicating locality rather than unexplained "action at a distance," and where a principal cosmological parameter, H km/s per Mpc, is adapted to the subatomic scale as H m/s2, and in conjunction with the gravitational constant is prominent in subatomic relations in the ratio H/G kg/m2, having a pressure-like character.  

    In Part 2 at the subatomic scale -- the v→c aspect -- Newtonian gravitation is paired with special relativity, but under this restricted condition to avoid the fundamental incompatibility of the two formulations, so that quanta may be derived, since complete formal general relativity is not compatible with Planck's constant, and special relativity is commonly employed at this scale.